Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.
2023
KAMPUS MERDEKA (INDEPENDENT CAMPUS) POLICY IN INDONESIA: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
by Eristian Wibisono
Implementing the Kampus Merdeka (Independent Campus) policy for higher education in Indonesia opens new perspectives on the transformation of higher education. This strategic approach aims to improve institutions’ quality flexibly and wants to place students in a central position in the university by involving students in the real-world activities through various field projects. Nevertheless, few doubts arise on how this policy program is implemented, including its sustainability. Through evidence-based critical review, this article aims to review the implementation of the Kampus Merdeka policy and some of the challenges that may arise. We identify three main challenges, including decision-making authority, external collaboration, and benchmarks of success which then lead to conclusions and recommendations regarding the skills of higher education institutions in carrying out external collaboration and tools to measure the success of field projects.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31800/jtp.kw.v11n1.p255–278
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Individual Attributes on Entrepreneurial Activity in the context of ASEAN Member States: Evidence from Thailand and Vietnam
by Eristian Wibisono
This study analyzes the influence of entrepreneurial attitudes and individual attributes on entrepreneurial activity in two ASEAN member countries: Vietnam and Thailand. By applying the multinomial logistics regression (MLR) analysis method, the results show that those with an entrepreneurial network, who can read business opportunities, and have skills and knowledge, have a positive and significant influence when deciding to start and invest in others’ new businesses. On the other hand, females and those with a secondary education were more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The study also shows that Vietnam’s entrepreneurial attitudes and individual characteristics seem to be better, differentiating it from Thailand. The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data from 2017 were the most recent data available at the time of this study. However, the availability of more up-to-date data is considered necessary to enrich and expand the impact of future research.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.73025
The digital entrepreneurial ecosystem in the European Union: evidence from the digital platform economy index
by Eristian Wibisono
Digital platforms play a central role in the development of the Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (DEE). The growing body of research addressing the issue of imbalances in DEEs has raised the challenge of how to recommend policies specifically designed to overcome the causes of such imbalances. This paper explores the issue of platformization in three developed and high-income countries in the European Union: Germany, France and Austria. The framework and empirical measurement of the Digital Platform Economy (DPE) Index are used to analyze the state of DEE in these three countries, identify the most prominent weaknesses that could be barriers, and propose policy recommendations to overcome these barriers and promote the development of DEE. The results of the three-step investigation present the current state of DEE in each country and find that similar constraining elements in the Digital Multi-Sided Platforms of the three countries have the most potential to systemically disrupt the DEE balance. Tailor-made policies with a holistic approach are recommended to address these constraining elements and target overall DEE growth. The results of this study are expected to motivate future research highlighting the issues surrounding multi-sided platform markets in the context of digital economic development in the European Union.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.10934
Promoting research and development cooperation amidst geographical challenges in less developed regions of the European Union: a systematic literature review
by Eristian Wibisono
This study explores the growing literature on research and development (R&D) collaboration in the context of less developed regions (LDRs) in the European Union (EU) and examines the opportunities for LDRs to successfully collaborate with developed regions. A systematic review of the literature shows that studies on R&D collaboration in LDRs are at the forefront of regional innovation research in the EU and that opportunities to explore this research topic are still wide open. A critical review and synthesis of the selected articles shows that LDRs have equal opportunities to collaborate and build successful relationships with developed regions by paying attention to at least five motivational drivers and critical factors to enhance the success of their R&D collaborations.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.10934
Knowledge input and innovation in the Visegrad Group (V4) regions: A spatial econometric approach
by Eristian Wibisono
This paper argues that one of the reasons why innovation in one country leaves another behind could be its spatial geography. Questions relevant to R&D development and technological change are raised on how knowledge inputs affect innovation in the Visegrad Group (V4) (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and how these factors are spatially dependent. The study results show that regional knowledge inputs (R&D expenditure and R&D personnel) play an essential role in innovation development in Visegrad Group (V4). The study findings also emphasize the importance of R&D funding support in the public sector and R&D personnel capabilities in promoting innovation. This paper intends to make an initial contribution to innovation studies taking regions of Visegrad Group (V4) as the analyzed object and suggests the development of spatial modeling using more up-to-date data to yield more reliable and in-depth results.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2023-0008
2022
Smart Specialisation in Less-developed regions of the European Union (REGION, Dec 2022)
by Eristian Wibisono
This paper reviews the literature on Smart Specialization implementation in less developed regions of the European Union (EU). Using a systematic literature review research protocol, I critically explore the content of selected relevant papers, examine the challenges in the Smart Specialization implementation in less developed regions of the EU, and raise critical factors that could potentially enhance the success of its implementation. The first finding of this study shows that research on related topics published in leading journals has increased significantly in recent years. Furthermore, as an essential contribution, I categorize the selected papers according to diversity in research design and methodology. Finally, I summarise three key issues of Smart Specialization implementation in less developed regions of the EU: RIS capacity and governance, local and extra-regional collaboration, and regional administrative and financial governance.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.388
Multilevel governance and Smart Specialization in EU regions: an evidence-based critical review (European Journal of Government and Economics, Dec 2022)
by Eristian Wibisono
This paper critically reviews the literature on multilevel governance issues in support of implementing Smart Specialization policies in EU regions. Using an evidence-based critical review approach, key literature that draws on three critical concepts is explored: multilevel governance, regional innovation policy, and Smart Specialization in various governance conditions and diverse regional resources. The evidence reviewed points to the critical role of multilevel governance in implementing Smart Specialization. Effective coordination mechanisms are essential building blocks to encounter the challenges of multilevel governance for Smart Specialization. More consequential, however, are substantial synergies that are solid, harmonious, and balanced among multi-stakeholders within institutions and across levels of government. This paper contributes to the limited literature on multilevel governance in support of the Smart Specialization policy. Further studies considering different types of regions are recommended to enrich future literature.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2022.11.2.9004
Universities in today’s world-between the potential regional growth and market economy absorption (Management & Marketing, Nov 2022)
by Stefan Apostol
Recently, various studies have demonstrated the significance and impact of universities on regional development. However, the determinants of their success are either economic performance, student enrolment, or issued patents. It is believed that universities have adopted the utilitarian paradigm too heavily, focusing primarily on the number of students or the students’ skills while neglecting individual growth and the university’s raison d’etre. Case studies, which depend on various other variables and biases, provide most examples of successful universities. According to scientists, universities became overly dependent on the economic system due to excessive involvement. This study employs a spatial regression model to examine the impact of universities and students on the quality of life and industry specialisation. According to the study, universities affect European regions’ quality of life. The number of students at each level of education negatively influences the industry’s presence. However, the population’s lifelong learning share positively influences the regional economy. The study examines education indicators using a spatial approach, making it more generalisable than earlier case study research.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2022-0025
The Expansion of Qualitative Research Methods in Innovation Policy Studies (STI Policy and Management Journal, July 2022)
by Eristian Wibisono
This paper intends to provide a general description of the position of a qualitative approach in the study of innovation policy and its possible expansion based on the experiences of experts from other disciplines. There is an important and urgent matter about improving young researchers’ methodological skills in understanding complex innovation studies. By understanding and mastering various methodological skills, individual researchers, groups, or innovation study communities can provide comprehensive interpretations and insights from unit analysis to draw accurate conclusions in response to phenomena and planned research questions. Some of the research approaches suggested in this paper, namely ethnographic research and action research, require additional research skills in the field. The ethnographic approach and the participant approach allow young researchers to influence the research design by involving participants in the research in a planned manner. Therefore, it is appropriate to use a participatory approach as methodological enrichment in innovation studies. An ethnographic approach will benefit from the perspective of the innovation policy group. The qualitative approach described in this paper can be used in mixed methods, along with quantitative methods.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/STIPM.2022.322
Universities and smart specialisation in less developed European regions: an evidence-based overview (European Spatial Research and Policy, June 2022)
by Eristian Wibisono
This paper aims to review the evidence demonstrating the role of universities in the knowledge diffusion function for Smart Specialisation strategies. It is not new if many experts question whether Smart Specialisation will apply equally in all regions, plus the reason that the study of the role of universities in Smart Specialisation still needs much attention. Through this evidence-based literature review, I have identified three main points that support the role of universities for Smart Specialisation in less developed regions of Europe, including resources in regional innovation systems, public sector investment support for RandD, and strong bonds of the Triple Helix actors.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.29.1.07
Smart specialisation strategies: towards an outward-looking approach (European Planning Studies, Feb 2022)
by Alessio Giustolisi, Maximilian Benner and Michaela Trippl
In recent years, regional innovation policies across Europe have relied on the smart specialisation approach to support new path development. However, its focus on endogenous knowledge flows remains a major weakness of the approach. This article argues that smart specialisation has to adopt an outward-looking approach that combines knowledge flows external and internal to the region. Based on four stylised types of regions, the article proposes generic strategies that can be pursued through smart specialisation. In terms of its policy implications, the article argues that policymakers should develop their regions’ external connectedness strategically to leverage complementarities in global knowledge flows for new path development.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2022.2068950
2021
A Critical Review of Open Innovation in SMEs: Implementation, Success Factors and Challenges (STI Policy and Management Journal, Dec 2021)
by Eristian Wibisono
This literature review explores the Open Innovation of SME companies, their application, success factors, impact, and challenges. The theoretical framework is built starting from the definition, a critical pillar, and Open Innovation in SME companies. The main factor in the Open Innovation process stage is finding innovative ideas and establishing network access with the external environment. Balanced, systematic, and thorough collaboration is the key to this process. Although European scholars have done it quite a lot, the study of literature on Open Innovation in SMEs still could continue to be developed. Several research results were found in studies conducted in developing countries such as China, Taiwan, and Korea, distinguishing them from similar studies in Europe.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/STIPM.2021.308
